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It is a laboratory test used to detect antibodies in the blood for the diagnosis of a rare neurological disease called autoimmune encephalitis. It is a disease where antibodies are formed against patient’s own brain cells.
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulin) are specific proteins that are produced in our body by the immune system against foreign substances like disease causing bacteria, virus, parasites, and fungi. These foreign invading substances are called antigens. Antibodies act and destroy these antigens and thus protect our body from these disease causing antigens. Autoimmune encephalitis are a group of neurological disorders in which antibodies are produced by mistake against body own brain cells and tissues. These antibodies attack brain tissues and cause damage and inflammation. These antibodies are called auto antibodies.
Autoimmune encephalitis can be progressive and may worsen with time or it may be relapsing-remitting. If left untreated it may cause permanent brain damage and coma. This disease usually affects young women .The various subtypes of autoimmune encephalitis according to different antibodies produced are:
The common symptoms associated with autoimmune encephalitis are:
The tests done for diagnosis of this rare disease are neurological examination, CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) analysis, MRI,EEG and autoimmune encephalitis blood panel test.
The autoimmune encephalitis panel tests include detection of following antibodies in blood of suspected patient:
The sample for autoimmune encephalitis panel test is taken from blood by inserting a small needle into vein of your arm. A small amount of blood is then collected in test tube or vial. There may be some pain due to needle prick. No preparation is needed before this test.
The result of autoimmune encephalitis panel test antibodies maybe positive or negative