Importance of Complete Urine Routine Examination

Introduction -

Urine complete routine examination plays an important role in diagnosing the renal failure patients, obstructive uropathy patients, infection of the urinary tract and associated syndromes. The tests mainly composed of the physical and chemical properties of urine. Also, microscopic examination of urine plays an important role in diagnosing the renal failure cases. The physical properties of urine mainly include volume, colour, pH, odour, specific gravity, transparency. The chemical properties mainly include sugar, ketone bodies, bile salts, bile pigments, blood, protein. The microscope examination includes RBc, WBC, casts, crystals, any organisms etc. normal urine colour is pale yellow, transparent and acidic in nature. Various abnormal colours include reddish, dark brown, yellow, green, black colour. Usually the urine is odourless, but abnormal aromatic ordour, fishy, pungent odours are seen in associated with various clinical syndromes.

Clinical significance of urine examination-

Various glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome, alkoptonuria, phenylketonuria, obstructive uropathy and tumours all associated with abnormal urine examinations. In normal microscope examination hyaline casts is seen. The abnormal casts include WBC casts, pus casts, RBc casts, granular casts. The abnormal crystals include calcium oxalate, CPPD, mono sodium urate crystals, uric acid, triple phosphate crystals. The crystals deposition depends on the pH of the urine sample. The acidic urine and alkaline urine have various types of crystals deposits.

Other accessory methods-

Fully automated urine examination, dip stick method of urine examination, are other methods to examine urine.

Conclusion:

Urine routine examinations  are indispensable for identifying diverse health conditions. Abnormalities in color, odor, and microscopic components can signal underlying issues, facilitating timely intervention and treatment.